Extended Data Fig. 1: Task performance.

a, Timeline of events in a trial. After 0.5 s with no wheel movement, a stimulus appears. The mouse may turn the wheel immediately, but it only becomes yoked to the stimulus after a further 0.5 s, at which time an auditory ‘go’ cue is played. If the mouse drives the stimulus into the centre, a water reward is delivered and a new trial begins after 1 s; if the mouse drives the stimulus off the screen away from the centre, a white noise sound is played and a new trial begins after 2 s. b, Psychometric curve showing task performance: the fraction of choices as a function of stimulus contrast and side. Curve and shaded region show mean ± s.e. across sessions. c, Median reaction time as a function of stimulus contrast and side as in b (mean ± s.e. across each session’s median). Dotted horizontal line indicates time of auditory ‘go’ cue. d, Histogram of times from stimulus to movement onset (reaction time) by trial quartile within sessions (first quarter of trials in the session in black, last quarter in beige; mean ± s.e. across mice). In early trials, mice typically begin moving the wheel before the cue. Later in the sessions, they waited more often for the cue.