Extended Data Fig. 1: Further description of SWR statistics and propagation in vivo.

a, The amplitude and frequency of sharp waves vary as the animal transitions between slow-wave and REM sleep. Top, illustrative LFP trace (<150 Hz) showing a decrease in sharp-wave amplitude and frequency around the slow-wave–REM transition point. Open circles indicate detected sharp waves³ (see Methods). Data in a–d are from the same animal and a single night, and correspond to the recording in Fig. 1 (anterior recording site, red). Statistics are based on n = 11,123 sharp waves. b, Distribution of sharp-wave width (measured at half peak amplitude) and peak amplitude from the animal in a and Fig. 1. Pr, probability. c, Average sharp-wave trace ± 1 s.d. (grey) calculated over n = 11,123 sharp waves. d, Inter-event interval (IEI) for sharp waves recorded during slow-wave sleep. The y axis (probability) is on a logarithmic scale. e, f, Summary of data recorded over five nights from two animals. Each circle represents the mean of one night; black line shows the median. e, Mean inter-event intervals during slow-wave sleep. f, Mean sharp-wave width and amplitude (n = 8,055–13,494 sharp waves per night). g, Delay distributions of sharp waves in anterior (or posterior) DVR, triggered on simultaneously recorded posterior (or anterior) DVR. Sharp waves from three nights (animal 1; n = 24,501 sharp waves) and two nights (animal 2; n = 13,070 sharp waves). h, Locations of simultaneous recording sites in the aDVR (circles). Left, schematic of recording configuration. Middle and right, confocal images highlighting the recording sites, as identified by electrolytic lesions and DiI dye that was applied to the back of the silicon probes. Post hoc staining with an antibody against hippocalcin was used to determine the borders of the claustrum (see Fig. 3).