Extended Data Fig. 11: Detection of HIV-1 capsid protein on using 600 nm FNDs.

A serial dilution of the capsid protein was detected on streptavidin-modified LFAs using a sandwich of a biotinylated capture nanobody and antibody-modified FNDs. The results are plotted (n = 3–4 experimental replicates, n = 3 measurement replicates), normalized to the blanks for each sample set with dots showing means and error bars showing s.d. These data were then fitted to a Langmuir curve (equation (6), shown as a line with shaded area denoting the 95% confidence interval of the fit). This gives a LOD of 120 fM, and a lowest concentration that is significantly different from the blank (at the 95% confidence level) of 3 pM, marked with *. Full experimental details are shown in Supplementary Information section 4.