Extended Data Fig. 4: Drivers of the change in density difference between surface and deep waters.

a–f, Partial dependency plots from a random forest algorithm of deep-water change in water column density difference in the last five years of record relative to the first five years of record for each lake. Plots are ordered by predictor variable importance, decreasing in importance from the top left to the bottom right. Vertical red lines indicate zero values for predictor variable and hash marks on the x axis indicate lake distribution deciles. Partial dependencies indicate the relationship between predictor and response variables when holding other variables at their mean value.