Table 1 Key amino acids in PF4 for the binding of VITT and HIT antibodies

From: Antibody epitopes in vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopaenia

Critical PF4 amino acids for VITT antibodies

PF4 mutant

Mean loss of binding compared to wild-type PF4 (%)

Range (%)

Number of VITT samples affected

R22A

79.9

51.8–91.7

5/5

H23A

68.0

26.7–77.5

3/5

E28A

68.5

48.4–88.1

5/5

K46A

72.6

17.5–84.2

4/5

N47A

54.3

31.6–66.4

5/5

K50A

82.2

11.6–90.5

4/5

K62A

58.8

15.3–77.3

3/5

K66A

54.1

2.2–88.8

4/5

Critical PF4 amino acids for HIT antibodies

PF4 mutant

Mean loss of binding compared to wild-type PF4 (%)

Range (%)

Number of HIT samples affected

L8A

48.6

12.4–76.0

6/10

C10A

49.4

5.0–73.3

6/10

C12A

45.7

4.8–74.7

7/10

T16A

41.1

4.0–78.4

6/10

R22A

36.2

1.3–63.0

5/10

Q40A

35.5

2.2–75.5

3/10

N47A

31.4

3.9–80.1

3/10

C52A

55.8

25.0–73.3

8/10

L53A

51.3

36.1–74.8

5/10

D54A

47.1

0.8–76.0

6/10

K61A

47.4

1.7–82.2

6/10

K66A

40.4

5.1–89.6

5/10

L67A

48.5

6.4–85.8

5/10

  1. Amino acids were identified by alanine-scanning mutagenesis. n = 5 VITT samples; n = 10 HIT samples.