Fig. 1: Clinical manifestations of leprosy in three chimpanzees at CNP, Guinea-Bissau and TNP, Côte d’Ivoire.

a–c, Clinical signs of leprosy in two adult female chimpanzees in CNP (images extracted from camera traps). a, Rita has large hypopigmented nodules covering the entire body; disfigurement of the face, ears, hands and feet (ulcerated lesions and swelling). b, Rita has extensive plaques covering all limbs, with hair loss. c, Brinkos has large hypopigmented nodules covering the entire face, with extreme disfigurement of the face and ears, and ulcerated plaques on the arms and the nipples. d–g, Clinical signs of leprosy in an adult male chimpanzee, Woodstock, at TNP. d, Multiple hypopigmented nodules on the ears, brow ridges, eyelid margins, nostrils, lips and the area between the upper lip and the nose. e, Hypopigmentation and swelling of the hands with ulcerations and hair loss on the dorsal side of the joints. f, Claw hand with nail loss and abnormal overgrowth of fingernails. g, Scrotal reddening and ulceration with fresh blood.