Fig. 3: Local addressing and thermalization dynamics.
From: Quantum gas magnifier for sub-lattice-resolved imaging of 3D quantum systems
a, Scheme of local addressing via RF transitions in a magnetic field gradient and a sketch of the hyperfine states of 87Rb with the utilized RF transition and the loss channel. b, Example images of prepared density distributions. In the upper row, the magnetic trap is shifted approximately two times the system diameter along the x direction before applying the RF sweeps. In the lower row, the magnetic trap is not shifted. The magnification is 60(1) for the first five images and 77(1) for the last image. c, Single-shot density profiles integrated along the y direction for different hold times after removing the left half of the cloud illustrating the thermalization dynamics. The different profiles are offset for clarity. The initial temperature is Tinit = 0.76(2) μK. d, Time evolution of the imbalance for different initial temperatures. e, Density as a function of radial position after 50 ms (blue), shifted upwards for clarity, and 3.2 s (red) hold time with bimodal fits using only lattice site populations with positive x positions larger than the maximally populated line (blue) and all populations (red) respectively. The data are averaged over 27 images (including the top and bottom data from c). The fit yields temperatures of 0.68(5) μK and 1.25(4) μK and demonstrates the reached thermal equilibrium. f, Dependence of the decay time on the initial temperature modelled by an Arrhenius process for thermal hopping and an offset rate for quantum tunnelling (see text and Methods). All error bars correspond to the 68% confidence interval.
