Extended Data Fig. 8: Marine and soil richness patterns are a mixture of subpatterns.

Legend: Conspecific genes per species in marine (a) and (b) soil sub-habitats. The differences in the marine environment are particularly large when comparing the samples in the photic zones (the shallower, light-accessible, surface and deep-chlorophyll maximum samples) to the non-photic mesopelagic samples (deeper, beyond the reach of sunlight). The differences in the soil environment follow differences in acidity (with Podzol, Dystric Brunisol and Ultic soils being acidic, while Luvisols are usually neutral or alkaline) and differences in moisture (with Xeralfs being dry in the summer, while Glossudalfs are moist year round).