Extended Data Fig. 10: Grafting wheat to oat confers disease tolerance to take-all.

a, A schematic used for screening wheat, oat, and inter-tribal grafts between wheat and oat for take-all disease, caused by the soil borne pathogen G. graminis var. tritici. b, Representative images of self-grafted oat, self-grafted wheat, and inter-tribal grafts between wheat and an oat. Transverse sections of each graft junction are shown in the upper right corner of each panel seven days after grafting. n=6. c, Representative images of grafted plants seven days after grafting and immediately after inoculation with an agar plug containing G. graminis var. tritici (n = 6). The plug was placed directly on top of the roots to ensure physical contact between the pathogen and rootstock. d, Representative images of grafted plants three weeks after inoculation. Panels show high magnification of graft junction (left), side view of the culture containers (middle), and a view looking down into the containers (right). e, Non-inoculated control grafts, with side view of culture containers (left) and view looking down into the container (right). White arrowheads indicate the graft junction (a–e), and empty black arrowheads indicate disease progression into the scion past the graft junction (d). Scale bars represent approximately 1 mm (b, d left panels), 250 µm (b upper right panels), 1 cm (c, d middle and right, and e).