Extended Data Fig. 10: Immune mediators released by macrophage upon infection with gut -derived C. albicans strains.

a, LDH release measured in culture supernatants of hMDM after infection with C. albicans parental strain (Pare), C. albicans ece1Δ/Δ (Ca ece1) and an untreated group (Ctrl) for 16 h. b, Macrophage-released mediators measured by cytometric bead assays from cultures in Extended Data Fig. 10a. c, IL-1β release measured in culture supernatants of LPS-primed hMDMs infected with C. albicans parental strain, C. albicans ece1, and in uninfected group. Parallel experiments were performed with a. Results a–c are shown as mean ± s.d. Data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. d–f, Cytokine release in culture supernatants of unprimed human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) after incubation with live gut derived-C. albicans isolates (m.o.i. = 5). d, IL-6 cytokine production was measured by ELISA. hMDM damage measured (LDH assay) in the same experiment was correlated with specific cytokine release. e, f, Correlation between TNF-α and IL-6 cytokine from hMDM induced by patient-specific gut C. albicans and Mayo score in corresponding UC patients (n = 10). Dot is shown as an average value of three technical repeats, Data are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. The simple linear regression was performed, where P-value calculated by a F test. g, h, Mice colonized with or without HD-Ca IBD311 were treated with prednisolone (Pred) followed by DSS-mediated induction of colitis. Each mouse further treated with 1 mg anti-IL-1R1 IgG (αIL1R) or isotype IgG (IgG) at the time point indicated in the schematic figure of experimental layout (g). IgG+PBS (n = 8), IgG+C. albicans (n = 9) and αIL-1R1+C. albicans (n = 7). h, Representative flow cytometry plots of IL-17A⁺IL-17F⁺CD4⁺ T cells. Data in d–h are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. One-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test (a–c).

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