Extended Data Fig. 3: C. albicans expands and promotes intestinal inflammation under immunosuppression therapy for UC.
From: Immune regulation by fungal strain diversity in inflammatory bowel disease
a, Medication data summary for UC patients (n = 5609) who visited New York-Presbyterian Hospital from 2015–2018. Corticosteroids (CS, n = 2522); Others include Mercaptopurine, Azathioprine, Methotrexate, Tacrolimus, Cyclosporine and biologics (n = 3057). Some individuals were being treated with two or more treatments. b, Faecal C. albicans burdens were measured after 3 days of C. albicans colonization in mice that received either PBS (n = 5) or prednisolone daily (10 mg/kg/day, n = 5). c–e, WT SPF mice were fed PBS (n = 5), P. kudriavzevii (Pk, n = 5), or Candida albicans (n = 5) while receiving prednisolone treatment (prednisolone + PBS, prednisolone + P. kudriavzevii, or prednisolone + C. albicans). 3% DSS drinking water was used to induce colitis for 7 days. Mice were sacrificed three days after the DSS water was removed. c, Faecal fungal burdens upon sacrifice. d, Colon length was assessed. e, Representative flow cytometry plots and quantification of the frequency IL-17A+CD4+ T cells in the colons. Results in b–f are shown as mean ± s.e.m. Each dot represents an individual mouse. Data in b–e are representative of three independent experiments with similar results. Unpaired, two-tailed, Mann-Whitney test (b, c) or one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s post hoc test (d, e).
