Extended Data Fig. 9: Transmission electron microscopy and ELISA of transplanted lacrimal-gland-like organoids.

Transmission electron microscopy of human iPS cell-derived lacrimal-gland-like organoids after 4 weeks of transplantation. a, lumen (l) and lining cells with numerous microvilli (arrows). b, variable basophilia of secretory acinar cells peripheral to lumen. c, multiple desmosomes (arrows) are located along membranes between adjacent secretory cells. d, lateral membranes of secretory cells express interdigitating finger-like processes (p) and tonofilaments (t) associated with desmosomes (arrows). e, lipid vesicle inclusions (lv) are present within basal secretory cells, which rest on a basement membrane (arrow). f, clusters of mitochondria (m) and a lipid droplet (v) in the cytoplasm of a basal acinar cell, adjacent to multi-layered basal lamina (arrow). g, acinar cells towards lumen exhibit secretory granules (sg) with variable size and density, lipid droplets (v) and extensive Golgi bodies (g). h, regions of rough-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (r) are also present. n = 2 biological replicates in (a) - (h). i, ELISA for human lysozyme (hLYZ) in lacrimal-gland-like organoids (LGOs). (w) and (p) indicate whole and partial lacrimal gland-removal surgeries, respectively. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 (LGO×1, LGO×5, LGO×1 (w) and LGO×5 (w), n = 8. Others, n = 4 biological replicates). Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Exact p values are provided in the Source Data. j, ELISA for rat lactoferrin in lacrimal gland tissues and tear fluid. n = 4 biological replicates. Data are presented as mean ± s.d.k, Expression of lacrimal gland-related genes in lacrimal-gland-like organoids (LGOs), transplanted organoids (tLGO), and rat lacrimal gland (Rat LG). The expression level in the LGO is shown to be 1.0. *p < 0.05 (n = 4 biological replicates; NS, not significant). Data are presented as mean ± s.d. Exact p values are provided in the Source Data. ND, not detected.

Source data