Extended Data Fig. 12: SCREW1 suppresses flg22-induced stomatal closure through the ABI–OST1 module.
From: Phytocytokine signalling reopens stomata in plant immunity and water loss
a, ABI1 and ABI2 are required for SCREW1 suppression of flg22-induced stomatal closure. The stomatal apertures from epidermal peels of WT and abi1-2/abi2-2 were measured after treatment without or with 1 μM SCREW1, 1 µM flg22, or a combination of SCREW1 and flg22 for 2 h. Data are shown as the box plots with the interquartile range as the upper and lower confines, minima and maxima as whiskers, and the median as a solid line (n = 202, the number of stomata). The different letters denote a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05, two-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s test). The effect of SCREW1 on flg22-induced stomatal closure in WT and abi1-2/abi2-2 was compared by a two-sided Student’s t-test. The experiment was repeated three times with similar results. Exact P values are provided in the graph and Supplementary Table 3. b, A model of SCREW–NUT in protecting plants against infections via promoting stomatal reopening and reducing apoplastic water levels. MAMP perception by PRRs induces stomatal closure to limit pathogen entry. Inevitably, stomatal closure increases the apoplastic water levels and creates aqueous habitats favourable for pathogen multiplication. To counteract, MAMP–PRR signalling induces the expression of SCREWs and NUT. Upon SCREW perception, NUT complexes with BAK1 and promotes stomatal reopening via regulating the ABI–OST1–SLAC1 phosphorylation module, thereby increasing water loss and reducing apoplastic water levels to prevent the pathogen colonization. To invade hosts, pathogens deliver effectors or toxins, some of which can open stomata. The blue lines indicate SCREW–NUT induction and function in plant immunity revealed in this study.
