Extended Data Fig. 2: Loading of the reservoir and dimple at constant flux.

We achieve a constant flux ΦG in the guide by switching the experiment on for 10 s without the Zeeman slower beam, until reaching a steady flow. We then switch this beam on at time t = 0. We show the BEC atom number and the phase-space density ρD in the dimple (top). The blue dotted line indicates our BEC detection limit in terms of condensed atom number. We show the dimple, reservoir and ‘reservoir + crossing’ atom number (middle) and the temperature TD in the dimple and the temperature TRy in the reservoir along the vertical axis (bottom). The dashed lines are the results from fits with exponential growth or decay, giving access to the (constant) fluxes, one-body loss rate parameters and thermalization times (see Supplementary Information). The error bars represent one standard deviation σ from binning, on average, six data points.