Extended Data Fig. 9: Positive selection in blood.

a, Lolliplot plots to show the sites of variants in the dataset in the three genes under significant positive selection according to dN/dS. Thick grey bars denote locations of conserved protein domains. b, dN/dS maximum likelihood estimates for missense, nonsense, truncating and all mutations in the complete dataset (n = 25,888 coding mutations) and for all mutations in the young (individuals aged < 65 year) and old (individuals aged > 75 years) datasets analysed separately. The boxes show the estimate with whiskers showing the 95% CI. The numbers to the left give the numeric values for the estimates with 95%CI in brackets. c, Estimated number of driver mutations in the different datasets. The boxes show the estimate with whiskers showing the 95% CI. The numbers to the left give the numeric values for the estimates with 95%CI in brackets. ‘n’ is the number of cells included in each dataset. d, Results of a randomisation / Monte Carlo test to define the null expected distribution of clade size for cells with loss of Y. This null distribution of geometric means from 2000 simulations is shown (histogram) together with the observed geometric mean of clades with Y loss (vertical blue line). The observed value significantly outlies the expected distribution showing that clades with Y loss are significantly larger than would be expected by chance.