Extended Data Fig. 1: Characterizations of CMIS layer expansion.

a, The evolution of XRD patterns of R-MBA intercalated H-TaS₂ as a function of reaction time. The XRD patterns show that the original set of (00l) peaks gradually dwindle and eventually completely vanish with increasing intercalation duration, whereas a new set of (00l) peaks of the intercalation materials grows and eventually evolves into the only set of diffraction peaks after 48 h of intercalation, indicating the complete intercalation to form phase-pure intercalation superlattices. b, XRD patterns of the R-DMPEA/H-TaS₂ and S-DMPEA/H-TaS₂ CMIS and intrinsic H-TaS₂. c, XRD patterns of the L-histidine/H-TaS₂ CMIS and intrinsic H-TaS_2. XRD results show that diffraction peaks of (00l) planes of DMPEA/H-TaS₂ and L-histidine/H-TaS₂ are considerably shifted to lower diffraction angles with an interlayer expansion of 11.6 Å and 4.5 Å, respectively, when compared with those of the intrinsic bulk H-TaS₂ (b), suggesting the successful intercalation of these molecules in H-TaS₂.