Fig. 2: Re-diversifying the Phanerozoic oceans.
From: Post-extinction recovery of the Phanerozoic oceans and biodiversity hotspots
a–f, Spatial distribution of marine animal diversity (number of genera per area) in the Cambrian (Guzhangian, 500 million years ago (Ma); a), Late Ordovician (Katian, 450 Ma; b), Early Devonian (Emsian, 400 Ma; c), Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian, 300 Ma; d), Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian, 70 Ma; e) and the present day (f) generated by the calibrated logistic model after imposing the pattern of mass extinctions extracted from the fossil diversity curve of ref. 20. This model run uses the following parameters: Q10 = 1.75, Kfood = 0.5 molC m−2 yr−1, net diversification rate limits (ρmin − ρmax) = 0.001–0.035 Myr−1 (per capita), and a Kmin to Kmax range between 12 and 123 genera per area according to the calibration analysis presented in Extended Data Fig. 4. The same plots but for the mass extinction patterns extracted from the fossil diversity curves of refs. 21,22 are shown in Extended Data Fig. 5. The full Phanerozoic sequences are shown in Supplementary Video 3. g,h, Current spatial distributions of diversity along the continental margins from model simulations (g) and field observations extracted from the OBIS database (genera belonging to subphylum Crustacea and phylum Mollusca) (h). For the purpose of comparison, normalized diversities (0–1) bounded between quantiles 0.05 and 0.95 are represented. i,j, Zonal mean diversity for 20° latitudinal bands from model simulations (i) and field observations extracted from the OBIS database (j).
