Extended Data Fig. 9: Comparison of laser writing with/without the use of a drain line.
From: Femtosecond laser writing of lithium niobate ferroelectric nanodomains
The solid white line indicates the drain line. When laser writing starts from the drain line, one can produce a LiNbO3 domain line (left). In contrast, under the same laser writing parameters, one cannot write LiNbO3 domains without the use of drain line. The laser writing track is marked by the dashed white line (right). In experiment, we use conductive atomic force microscopy to measure the electric conductivity of drain line, which is several orders of magnitude higher than the value of LiNbO3 crystal.
