Extended Data Fig. 2: The theoretical simulation of temperature (a), temperature gradient (b), the z-component of the thermoelectric field (c), and the pyroelectric field (d).
From: Femtosecond laser writing of lithium niobate ferroelectric nanodomains

The marked area in c indicates the electric field above the threshold value. In d, the black arrow shows the laser writing direction (v = 10 μm/s) and the white arrows indicate the direction of pyroelectric field. The input laser propagates along the x direction with its polarization along the z direction.