Extended Data Fig. 7: Dynamic hypodermal expansion and resolution during S. aureus skin infection in wildtype mice.

a, b, C57 mice were infected with low-dose S. aureus bead and skin infections were processed for H&E staining at indicated time points. a, Representative H&E staining in skin infections. Infection and hypodermis are identified with a label. Scale bar, 100 μm. b, Quantification of hypodermis thickness in C57 mice after infection with S. aureus bead. n = 7-8 measurements for each mouse, 3 mice per group, 2 independent experiments; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P < 0.0001 (for 24 h vs. naïve, 24 h vs 72 h, 24 h vs 7 d, 24 h vs 14 d); P > 0.05 (all other groups). c, d, Ccr2^RFP/+ and Ccr2^RFP/RFP mice were infected with low-dose S. aureus bead and skin infections were processed for H&E staining at indicated time points. c, Representative H&E images of hypodermal adipocyte size in Ccr2^RFP/+ and Ccr2^RFP/RFP mice at 72 h post-infection. Scale bar, 30 μm. d, Quantification of hypodermis thickness in naïve C57 mice versus remote regions of the skin of Ccr2^RFP/+ and Ccr2^RFP/RFP mice at 24 h post-infection. n = 16 measurements from 4 mice per group from 2 independent experiments; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P > 0.05 (all groups). e, f, Ccr2^RFP/+ and Ccr2^RFP/RFP mice were infected with low-dose S. aureus bead and skin infections were processed for BODIPY staining by immunofluorescence. e, Representative confocal immunofluorescence of skin sections showing BODIPY⁺ adipocytes and lipid droplets in Ccr2^RFP/+ and Ccr2^RFP/RFP mice at 14 days post-infection with S. aureus bead. Scale bar, 300 μm. f, Quantification of total BODIPY⁺ signal in the wounds of Ccr2^RFP/+ and Ccr2^RFP/RFP mice at 14 days post-infection. n = 6 mice (Ccr2^RFP/+: 7 d, 14 d), 5 mice (Ccr2^RFP/RFP: 7 d) and 4 mice (Ccr2^RFP/RFP: 14 d) per group from 2 independent experiments; data are mean ± s.e.m.; P = 0.9688 (Ccr2^RFP/+ 7 d vs Ccr2^RFP/+ 14 d), P = 0.90357 (Ccr2^RFP/RFP 7 d vs Ccr2^RFP/RFP 14 d), P = 0.9097 (Ccr2^RFP/+ 7 d vs Ccr2^RFP/RFP 7 d), P = 0.0102 (Ccr2^RFP/+ 14 d vs Ccr2^RFP/RFP 14 d). g, Ccr2^RFP/+ and Ccr2^RFP/RFP mice were infected with low-dose S. aureus bead and skin infections were processed at 14 d for whole mount immunofluorescent staining for leptin and LipidTOX. Representative whole mount images of 14-day wounds from Ccr2^RFP/+ and Ccr2^RFP/RFP mice. Scale bars, 500 μm (left) and 50 μm (inset). Image representative of n = 3 mice per group from 2 independent experiments. h, Representative immunofluorescence staining for perilipin-1 and leptin in Ccr2RFP/RFP skin at 14 days post-infection. Scale bars, 50 μm. Image representative of n = 3 mice per group from 2 independent experiments.