Fig. 3: Surgically amputated site of the left tibia and fibula.
From: Surgical amputation of a limb 31,000 years ago in Borneo
a, TB1 left and right legs with pelvic girdle, demonstrating the complete absence of the distal third of the left lower leg. b, Left tibia and fibula showing the amputation surface, atrophy and necrosis. The bone surface is more porous because lysis occurred to remove the dead bone (necrosis). c, Radiograph of the left tibia and fibula. d–f, Remodelled bone covering the amputation surfaces, demonstrating healing after the amputation. d, Left tibia medial aspect. e, Left tibia medial aspect. f, left fibula anterior aspect. Images in d–f taken using an Olympus DSX1000 digital microscope. Scale bars, 5 cm (a), 5 mm (b and c) and 2 mm (d–f).
