Fig. 5: NTS–AP ADCYAP1 neurons drive sickness behaviours.
From: Brainstem ADCYAP1+ neurons control multiple aspects of sickness behaviour
a, Expression of the indicated marker genes across TRAP2-enriched clusters. The size of the circle represents the fraction of cells in each cluster expressing the marker gene; the colour of the circle represents the minimum to maximum level of gene expression for each gene. b, Percentage of TRAPVGLUT2 neurons labelled by each marker gene in the NTS (left) and the AP (right). c, log2[fold change] TRAPed nuclei for each marker gene relative to baseline sequencing in the NTS or AP. d–u, Activation of ADCYAP1 (d–I, n = 7), DBH (j–o, n = 5) or PHOX2B (p–u, n = 6) neurons in the NTS–AP using activating hM3Dq (Gq) DREADDs in corresponding Cre lines. d,j,p Cumulative food intake for 24 h post activation; saline, grey; CNO, cyan. e–g,k–m,q–s, Food intake (e, paired t-test P = 2.8 × 10−7; k, paired t-test P = 2.6 × 10−5; q, paired t-test P = 2.1 × 10−6), water intake (f, paired t-test P = 1.8 × 10−6; l, paired t-test P = 2.2 × 10−6; r, paired t-test P = 1.5 × 10−4) and movement (g, paired t-test P = 3.6 × 10−6; m, paired t-test P = 4.0 × 10−6; s, paired t-test P = 1.4 × 10−4) at 12 h post CNO injection for activation of saline-treated (grey) or CNO-treated (cyan) animals. h,i,n,o,t,u, Change in core temperature 4 h after (h, paired t-test P = 5.0 × 10−4; n, paired t-test P = 3.0 × 10−3; t, paired t-test P = 4.1 × 10−2) and percentage body weight 24 h after (i, paired t-test P = 6.8 × 10−5; o, paired t-test P = 2.5 × 10−3; u, paired t-test P = 2.0 × 10−2) activation of saline-treated (grey) or CNO-treated (cyan) animals. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001 and NS, not significant (P > 0.05). All error bars represent s.e.m.
