Extended Data Fig. 1: Morphology of Qianodus tooth whorls.

(a–c, i, j, m) Scanning electron microscopy, volume renderings of (g, h) synchrotron and (d–f) microcomputed X-ray tomography datasets and (k, l, n) light microscopy. (a) Lateral (mesial or distal) view of a heavily abraded tooth whorl (IVPP V26648). (b) Mesial view of a tooth whorl (IVPP V26649). (c) Latero-posterior view of a tooth whorl (IVPP V26652). (d–f) Tooth whorl (IVPP V26647) in (d) labial, (e) mesial and (f) basal views. (g, h) Incomplete tooth (IVPP V26645) whorl in (g) mesial and (h) basal views. (i) Lateral view of a tooth whorl (IVPP V26654) with a flared-out base. (j–n) Two complete whorls with 6 recognizable primary teeth in (j, k) lateral (distal and mesial) (IVPP V26650), (m) oral (IVPP V26651) and (l, n) basal (IVPP V26650, 51) views. at, accessory teeth; la, labial, li, lingual; pt, primary teeth. Scale bars, 0.5 mm.