Extended Data Fig. 6: Transcriptomics study of CM-NTU-treated chondrocytes.

(a) A total of 27,597 genes were identified, and 1,438 differentially expressed genes among the three groups were identified (absolute log2-fold changes ≥ 1 and P values < 0.05). Venn diagram for the differentially expressed genes detected in chondrocytes after treatment with IL-1β or IL-1β + CM-NTUs in the light. (b) Heatmap showing that there were fewer differentially expressed genes between the IL-1β + CM-NTU and control groups than between the IL-1β and control groups. (c) Volcano plots were generated representing differentially expressed genes between different groups (P adjusted value by Wald test in DESeq2). (d) GO enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes between different groups. (e) GSEA was applied to compare the gene sets involved in glycolysis, ECM degradation, oxidative phosphorylation, and the TCA cycle between the IL-1β and control groups.