Extended Data Fig. 5: Bitumen biomarkers.
From: Biomolecular analyses enable new insights into ancient Egyptian embalming
Ion extract chromatogram (m/z 191 and 217) showing a the hopanes and b the steranes. Hopanes = TM: 17α(H), 22,29,30-trisnorhopane; H29: 17α(H),21β(H)-norhopane (C29); H30: 17 α (H),21β(H)-hopane (C30); H31S: 22S-30-homohopane (C31); H31R: 22R-30-homohopane (C31); GCR: gammacerane; H32S: 22S-30,31-bishomohopane (C32); H32R: 22R-30,31-bishomohopane (C32); H33S: 22S-30,31,32-trishomohopane (C33); H33R: 22R-30,31,32-trishomohopane (C33); H34S: 22S-30,31,32,33-tetrakishomohopane (C34); H34R: 22R-30,31,32,33-tetrakishomohopane (C34); H35S: 22S-30,31,32,33,34-pentakishomohopane (C35); H35R: 22R-30,31,32,33,34-pentakishomohopane (C35). Steranes = C27Sααα: 20S-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-cholestane (C27); C27Rαββ: 20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-cholestane (C27); C27Sαββ: 20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-cholestane (C27); C27Rααα: 20R-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-cholestane (C27); C28Sααα: 20S-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-ergostane (C28); C28Rαββ: 20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-ergostane (C28); C28Sαββ: 20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-ergostane (C28); C28Rααα: 20R-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-ergostane (C28); C29Sααα: 20S-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-stigmastane (C29); C29Rαββ: 20R-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-stigmastane (C29); C29Sαββ: 20S-5α(H),14β(H),17β(H)-stigmastane (C29); C29Rααα: 20R-5α(H),14α(H),17α(H)-stigmastane (C29).
