Extended Data Fig. 1: Map of East Mediterranean-Near East indicating the major ancient empires (Hatti = Hittites, Egypt, Mitanni, Assyria, Babylonia), several other main political entities sometimes within, sometimes on the margins of, the Hittite Empire (Kaska, Wilusa, Seha River Land, Arzawa-Mira, Lukka, Pitassa, Tarhuntassa, Alashiya, Kizzuwatna)11,12, the main sites/locations mentioned in this paper (Hattusa next to modern Boğazkale, Gordion, Polatlı, Sofular Cave, Kocain Cave, Kirikkale, Sivas, Kayseri, Karkemish, Kadesh), and the approximate Continental Central Anatolia (CCAN) precipitation zone88,89 or the combined two main simplified composite ‘inland’ precipitation regimes identified for Anatolia in ref. 90. | Nature

Extended Data Fig. 1: Map of East Mediterranean-Near East indicating the major ancient empires (Hatti = Hittites, Egypt, Mitanni, Assyria, Babylonia), several other main political entities sometimes within, sometimes on the margins of, the Hittite Empire (Kaska, Wilusa, Seha River Land, Arzawa-Mira, Lukka, Pitassa, Tarhuntassa, Alashiya, Kizzuwatna)11,12, the main sites/locations mentioned in this paper (Hattusa next to modern Boğazkale, Gordion, Polatlı, Sofular Cave, Kocain Cave, Kirikkale, Sivas, Kayseri, Karkemish, Kadesh), and the approximate Continental Central Anatolia (CCAN) precipitation zone88,89 or the combined two main simplified composite ‘inland’ precipitation regimes identified for Anatolia in ref. 90.

From: Severe multi-year drought coincident with Hittite collapse around 1198–1196 bc

Extended Data Fig. 1: Map of East Mediterranean-Near East indicating the major ancient empires (Hatti = Hittites, Egypt, Mitanni, Assyria, Babylonia), several other main political entities sometimes within, sometimes on the margins of, the Hittite Empire (Kaska, Wilusa, Seha River Land, Arzawa-Mira, Lukka, Pitassa, Tarhuntassa, Alashiya, Kizzuwatna)11,12, the main sites/locations mentioned in this paper (Hattusa next to modern Boğazkale, Gordion, Polatlı, Sofular Cave, Kocain Cave, Kirikkale, Sivas, Kayseri, Karkemish, Kadesh), and the approximate Continental Central Anatolia (CCAN) precipitation zone88,89 or the combined two main simplified composite ‘inland’ precipitation regimes identified for Anatolia in ref. 90.

Note: Wiyanawanda, Masa, and Ikkuna, mentioned in the main text, are all thought to lie in, or close to, the Lukka territory in southwest Anatolia11. Map created from free and open (public domain) Natural Earth data (https://www.naturalearthdata.com/), using the Natural Earth II dataset.

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