Fig. 2: Individual ancestry proportions.

a, Inferences from qpAdm (see Extended Data Table 2 and Supplementary Information for model details and statistical fit). Blue represents African ancestry: the most common are Bantu-associated (common at southern sites) and Makwasinyi associated (northern sites), which itself is approximately 80% Bantu-related and 20% pastoralist-related. Yellow represents Southwest Asian ancestry: Persian or Arabian. Grey represents Indian ancestry. Bars represent s.e.m., computed using a block jackknife across all 5-centimorgan (cM) segments of the autosomes, and are meaningful even for single individuals as the genome contains information from a large sample size of ancestors. b, Ternary plot of Makwasinyi, Persian and Indian ancestry components in Mtwapa and Faza (red (high coverage) and yellow (low coverage)) and Manda (blue (high coverage) and green (low coverage)). Individuals with higher coverage (>100,000 SNPs overlapping positions on the Human Origins SNP array) are used to fit a linear regression (dashed line), which intersects at nearly 100% Makwasinyi and 0% Persian and Indian, consistent with a Makwasinyi-related population with little or no recent Asian ancestry mixing with an already-mixed Persian–Indian population. c, Bar graph showing P values from Hotelling T-squared tests for a qpAdm model with a mixed Persian–Indian source. The x-axis specifies the proportion of Persian ancestry in the source.