Fig. 2: Detection of AAV2 in cases of paediatric hepatitis.
From: Adeno-associated virus 2 infection in children with non-A–E hepatitis
a, Heatmap of HAdV and AAV2 reads detected in cases of hepatitis by TE sequencing. Samples obtained for routine clinical investigation (plasma, liver, faeces, rectal swab and throat swab) were retrospectively sequenced following DNA or RNA extraction. AAV2 read counts are shown from 0 to >50 reads per million in green (top rows) and HAdV read counts are shown from 0 to >5 reads per million in red (bottom rows). b, Heatmap of viral reads of plasma samples from cases of hepatitis and of plasma or sera samples from controls. Plasma samples from cases of hepatitis (cases), and plasma or sera samples from children with HAdV infection (group 2 controls) and from age-matched healthy children (group 1 controls) were sequenced following DNA or RNA extraction. AAV2 read counts are shown from 0 to >50 reads per million in green and HAdV read counts are shown from 0 to >5 reads per million in red. The number of days between initial symptom onset and sample are indicated. c, AAV2 real-time RT–qPCR of serum or plasma samples from 32 cases of hepatitis (cases) and from 74 controls in four groups: 13 in group 1 (healthy controls); 12 in group 2 (HAdV-positive controls); 33 in group 3 (hepatitis controls); and 16 in group 4 (contemporaneous controls). The detection threshold of the assay (3,200 copies per ml) is shown as a dotted line. Values are shown as a scatter plot with a median line. d, AAV2 real-time RT–qPCR of liver biopsy samples from 5 cases of hepatitis and from 19 controls. e, IgM responses determined by ELISA in 22 cases of hepatitis and in 29 controls (13 in group 3, 16 in group 4). f, IgG responses determined by ELISA in 22 cases of hepatitis cases and in 29 controls (13 in group 3, 16 in group 4). For c–f, statistical analysis was performed using Mann Whitney test (two-tailed), and experiments were performed in triplicate.
