Extended Data Fig. 4: Large field-of-view T(r) maps and their Fourier transforms on different sample surfaces and regions acquired at different setup conditions.

Spatial resolutions of the T(r) maps are (in unit of pixels/nm): first column from top to bottom: 2.26, 1.60, 1.80 and 1.68, respectively; third column from top to bottom: 2.06, 2.41, 1.53 and 1.37, respectively. The red squares denote the area where the corresponding N(r, E~Δ0) maps are taken as described in Fig. S3. The second and fourth columns represent their associated Fourier transforms of the topographs. Area near QPDW (black squares) are zoomed in for the visual purpose, and the green crosses locate the (¼, ¼) 2π/aFe. The spatial resolution required to discern the modulations with an 8aFe periodicity in the N(r) maps should be at least 0.93 pixels/nm. Setup conditions: Sample I, region A: Vset = 12 mV, Iset = 500 pA, Vexc = 0.3 mV, 0T; Sample I, region B: Vset = 6 mV, Iset = 60 pA, Vexc = 1 mV, 0T; Sample II, region A: Vset = 5 mV, Iset = 50 pA, Vexc = 1 mV, 0T; Sample II, region B(column 1): Vset = 50 mV, Iset = 50 pA, 0T; Sample II, region B(column 3): Vset = 5 mV, Iset = 50 pA, 0T; region C: Vset = 205 mV, Iset = 50 pA, 0T; Sample II, region E(top): Vset = 100 mV, Iset = 40 pA, 0T; Sample II, region E(bottom): Vset = 5 mV, Iset = 30 pA, Vexc = 1 mV, 0.1T.