Fig. 1: Radiative effect of SLH on gas and aerosol SLCF.
From: Natural short-lived halogens exert an indirect cooling effect on climate
RE for all-sky conditions at the top of the model owing to natural halogens in the pre-industrial (left) together with anthropogenic plus anthropogenically amplified natural emissions (AANE + ANT) in the present day (centre). The RE owing to AANE + ANT halogens in year 2100 for RCP6.0 (light-grey shading) and RCP8.5 (dark-grey shading) climate scenarios are also shown on the right. The individual contributions from different SLCF are grouped into short-lived gases (O3, CH4 and stratospheric water vapour (H2Ostrat)) and aerosols (mainly sulfate, SOA and NH4NO3). The halogen-mediated radiative contribution from all gases (resulting in net cooling) and aerosols (producing net warming), as well as the net (gas + aerosol) is shown for each period. The uncertainty range for each species is calculated as half of the difference between the maximum and minimum RE obtained for the complete set of model sensitivities for each individual time period (mean ± range/2) as described in Supplementary Information and Extended Data Table 5. A comparison between only AANE and AANE + ANT cases for all-sky and clear-sky conditions during different time periods is shown in Extended Data Fig. 1.
