Extended Data Fig. 12: BTN3A3 restriction by highly pathogenic H5N1.

a, Schematic representation of numbers and characteristics of avian IAV NP sequences identified in human spillover events. Total number of sequences was divided into BTN3A3-resistant or sensitive genotypes based on amino acid residues 313 and 52. NP sequences were matched with their respective HA sequences and highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses were separated from the low pathogenic (LPAI) based on the presence of a polybasic cleavage site (only present in HPAI isolates). b, Replication of 7:1 reassortants of PR8 encoding segment 5 from Mallard or H5N1 HPAI viruses in A549-Empty or A549-BTN3A3 expressing cells. Cells were infected at an MOI of 0.001 for 48h and titres were measured by plaque assay. Data are mean +/− SEM of 3 independent experiments (each using 2 technical replicates) with the exception of 52Q which was instead a single technical replicate from 3 independent experiments. Statistical differences between values obtained in empty and BTN3A3 expressing cells were calculated using multiple t-tests and corrected for multiple comparisons using the Holm-Šídák method. NS = non-significant, *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001, ****p ≤ 0.0001.