Fig. 3: Einkorn population genomics.
From: Einkorn genomics sheds light on history of the oldest domesticated wheat
a, Unrooted neighbour-joining tree. b, Population structure (from K = 3 to K = 6). Each vertical bar represents one accession, and the bars are filled with colours representing the proportion of each ancestry. Einkorn groups were assigned considering K = 6 (on the basis of the cross-entropy value) based on the maximal local contribution of ancestry except for β (all β accessions were assigned as one group, regardless of the contribution of an ancestry). α group 1 (α-g1, n = 37) is shown in purple, α group 2 (α-g2, n = 87) is shown in yellow, γ (n = 24), β (n = 9), domesticated einkorn group 1 (dom-g1, n = 44) is shown in green and domesticated einkorn group 2 (dom-g2, n = 17) is shown in blue. A detailed list of accessions is provided in Supplementary Table 9. c, The mean fixation index (FST) between the two domesticated einkorn groups calculated in 1 Mb sliding windows. Only accessions with 80% ancestry threshold at K = 4 were considered. Centromere midpoints are indicated by red arrowheads. d, PCA using only variants that are present on the introgressed segment on chromosome 5A. Accessions were coloured according to the structure analysis in b. Circled accessions include wild γ accessions and some domesticated einkorn accessions. e, The geographical location of einkorn collection sites. The colours in pie charts correspond to the ancestry at K = 6. The Fertile Crescent is indicated by black lines. Only accessions with known collection sites are shown. f, Geographical projection of the first PCA axis for γ accessions on the basis of the introgressed segment on chromosome 2A (this analysis was performed excluding α and β accessions). The black dots represent the location of γ accessions. Blue colour represents the collection sites of γ accessions that were genetically the least diverged from the γ introgression found in domesticated einkorn. The Karacadağ region (K) is indicated on the map.
