Extended Data Fig. 4: CFR measurement scheme.

Two different measurement schemes have been used for the mass determination. In the PnA scheme, each ratio has their own axial frequency measurement. The ν+ sideband detection is used in the PnA cycles to avoid wrong phase unwrapping. Apart from this, it is not used in the CFR evaluation. The sideband CFR method consists of interleaved ‘double-dip’ measurements, with axial dips in between. As the ions are switched every cycle, each axial dip measurement is used for both neighbouring ν+ measurements.