Extended Data Fig. 8: A working model for the molecular actions of AvrE-family effectors in plants.
From: Bacterial pathogens deliver water- and solute-permeable channels to plant cells
AvrE-family effectors act primarily as a novel class of water/solute-permeable channels dedicated to creating osmotic/water potential perturbation and a water/nutrient-rich apoplast, in which bacteria multiply within the infected plant tissues. AvrE-family effectors can additionally engage host proteins, including plant protein phosphatase PP2A subunits, type one protein phosphatases (TOPPs) and receptor-like kinases (RLKs), possibly to modulate AvrE-family channel properties or to optimize the pathogenic outcomes of AvrE/DspE-family channel activities, including water soaking, host cell death and defence suppression.
