Extended Data Fig. 1: Pairs plot showing the relationships between cumulative trust-level infection rates and trust characteristics.

Diagonal elements show kernel density estimates for cumulative covid infections in trusts from 10th June 2020 to 17th February 2021: 1) definite hospital-acquired infections per 100 beds (defined as those first PCR positive 15 or more days after hospital admission); 2) probable hospital-acquired infections per 100 beds (those first PCR positive from 8–14 days after admission); 3) imputed healthcare worker (HCW) SARS-CoV-2 infections per 100 HCWs; 4) SARS-CoV-2 infections in hospitalised patients with community onset per 100 beds; 5) bed occupancy; 6) age of acute hospital buildings in the trust expressed as a weighted average of the percentage of hospital buildings constructed in 1964 or earlier, where weights are the hospital gross internal floor areas; 7) number of single room beds per trust (including isolation rooms) as a percentage of the number of general and acute beds available in the last quarter of 2020; 8) heated volume per bed (m³). Below-diagonal elements show scatterplots, where each point (coloured according to NHS region) corresponds to a single NHS trust. Above diagonal elements show the Pearson correlation coefficients between pairs of variables, both nationally (in grey) and within each NHS region.