Fig. 2: Humoral immune imprinting after repeated Omicron infections in humans.
From: Repeated Omicron exposures override ancestral SARS-CoV-2 immune imprinting
a, Examination of immune imprinting after Omicron breakthrough infections and repeated infections. Plasma antibody titres against pseudotyped D614G and variants were measured. b, Plasma antibody titres against authentic variants. a,b, Fold changes in titres against variants compared with D614G or Wuhan-Hu-1 are displayed above the line, GMTs are shown; two-tailed Wilcoxon signed-rank test. c, Plasma antibody titres against authentic FL.8 (XBB.1.9.1.8). d, Plasma antibody breadth after one-time breakthrough infection and repeated Omicron infections. Plasma antibody titres against circulating pseudotyped variants were measured. c,d, Fold changes in titres between different cohorts are shown above the line; two-tailed Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. BA.1, BA.2, BA.5 and BF.7 BTI: post-vaccination BA.1, BA.2, BA.5 or BF.7 breakthrough infection. BA.1, BA.2 BTI + BA.5/BF.7 infection: post-vaccination either BA.1 or BA.2 breakthrough infection followed by BA.5/BF.7 reinfection. BA.1/BA.2 + BA.5/BF.7 infection: either BA.1 or BA.2 infection followed by BA.5/BF.7 reinfection with no SARS-CoV-2 vaccination history. BA.1 BTI, n = 50; BA.2 BTI, n = 39; BA.5 BTI, n = 36; BF.7 BTI, n = 30; BA.1 BTI + BA.5/BF.7 infection, n = 26; BA.2 BTI + BA.5/BF.7 infection, n = 19; BA.1/BA.2 + BA.5/BF.7 infection, n = 12. n refers to the number of individuals. Blood samples were collected 1–2 months after the last infection. Detailed information about the cohorts is presented in Supplementary Table 1. c,d, Data are GMT ± s.d. Dashed lines indicate the limit of detection (NT50 = 20 and NT50 = 4 for pseudovirus and authentic virus neutralization assays, respectively). All neutralization assays were conducted as at least two independent experiments.
