Extended Data Fig. 5: PRLH neurons are activated by food tastes.

a, Example trace of calcium dynamics from PRLH neurons during sucralose consumption. b, Left, PSTH of PRLH neuron activity aligned to the first lick of all lick bouts during sucralose or glucose consumption. Right, mean response (0–10 s after first lick) averaged across all lick bouts for sucralose and glucose consumption. c, Mean z-score per lick stratified by bout size for sucralose and glucose consumption. d, Left, PSTH of PRLH neuron responses to sucralose or glucose consumption. Middle, mean z-scores (0–10 min) during sucralose or glucose consumption. Right, mean z-scores (0–30 min) during sucralose or glucose consumption. e, Scatterplot showing the relationship between bout size (# of licks in the first 10 s of each bout) and mean z-score (0–10 s of each bout) for all bouts during sucralose or glucose consumption. f, Mean PCC for the relationship between the instantaneous lick rate each second during consumption of sucralose or glucose and the z-scored change in activity across the entire 30 min trial. g, Mean z-score for each bout of sucralose consumption (0–10 s) from the first bout (left) to the last bout (right), with the percentage of the max bout size (licks) shown below. h, Left, PSTH of PRLH neuron responses to IG infusion of sucralose (1.5 mL). Right, mean z-scores (0–30 min) during IG infusion of sucralose. i, Fiber placement and GCaMP6s expression in PRLH neurons of a Trpm5^−/− mouse. j, Left, example trace of calcium dynamics from PRLH neurons during glucose consumption from a naïve Trpm5^−/− mouse. Right, Left, example trace from a learned Trpm5^−/− mouse. k, Mean z-score per lick stratified by bout size for glucose consumption in WT and Trpm5^−/− mice. l, Scatterplot showing the relationship between bout size (# of licks in the first 10 s of each bout) and mean z-score (0–10 s of each bout) for all bouts during glucose consumption from WT and Trpm5^−/− mice. m, Mean cumulative licks performed during a glucose consumption test by naive and learned Trpm5^−/− mice. Animals were defined as “learned” if they performed at least 1000 licks during the second test (Methods). n, PSTH of PRLH neuron responses across all glucose lick bouts in naive and learned Trpm5^−/− mice. o, Mean z-score per lick for glucose consumption in naive and learned Trpm5^−/− mice. p, Example trace of calcium dynamics from PRLH neurons during sucralose consumption from a Trpm5^−/− mouse. Q, Mean z-score per lick stratified by bout size for sucralose consumption in WT and Trpm5^−/− mice. R, Scatterplot showing the relationship between bout size and mean z-score for all bouts during sucralose consumption from WT and Trpm5^−/− mice. S, Example trace of calcium dynamics from PRLH neurons during Intralipid consumption from a Trpm5^−/− mouse. T, Left, PSTH of PRLH neuron responses across all Intralipid lick bouts in WT and Trpm5^−/− mice. Right, mean z-scores (0–10 s) for all lick bouts during Intralipid consumption. U, Mean z-score per lick stratified by bout size for Intralipid consumption in WT and Trpm5^−/− mice. V, Left, scatterplot showing the relationship between bout size and mean z-score for all bouts during Intralipid consumption from WT and Trpm5^−/− mice. W, mean slope (coefficient x1) for glucose, sucralose, and Intralipid consumption from WT and Trpm5^−/− mice. NS, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Data are mean ± sem. Statistics are shown in Supplementary Table 1.