Fig. 4: PRLH neurons pace food ingestion.
From: Sequential appetite suppression by oral and visceral feedback to the brainstem
a, Schematic of closed-loop optogenetic stimulation or silencing of PRLH neurons expressing ChR2 or GtACR1. b, Left, Ensure consumption during closed-loop optogenetic stimulation (60-min trial) of PRLH neurons expressing ChR2 in either laser (L) or no laser (NL) trials. Middle, bout size (licks). Right, bout number. c, Left, Ensure consumption during closed-loop silencing (60 min) of PRLH neurons expressing GtACR1 in either laser or no laser trials. Middle, bout size. Right, bout number. d, Distribution of bout sizes (bins are 25 lick increments) for trials in which PRLH neurons received closed-loop silencing (top) or no laser trials (bottom). e, Schematic for two-bottle preference test in which animals are presented with two identical bottles containing Ensure. Day 1 establishes initial preference. On day 2, the preferred or less preferred bottle is paired with optogenetic stimulation or silencing, respectively. The pairing is switched on day 3. f, Cumulative licks of Ensure for the preferred (bottle 1) versus the non-preferred (bottle 2) bottle on days 1–3. g, Preference ratio for bottle 1 (licks from bottle 1/total licks) and total Ensure consumption (licks from bottle 1 + licks from bottle 2) from days 1 to 3 of the closed-loop stimulation paradigm. Statistical comparisons are relative to day 1. h, Preference ratio for bottle 1 and total Ensure consumption from days 1 to 3 of the closed-loop silencing paradigm. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001. Data are the mean ± s.e.m. Statistics are shown in Supplementary Table 2. Genotype controls (no opsin or Cre ± laser) for all experiments are shown in Extended Data Fig. 7.
