Fig. 3: Optoelectronic properties.
From: Homogenizing out-of-plane cation composition in perovskite solar cells
a, Steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra of perovskite films with and without PSP treatment deposited onto quartz glass substrates. b, Time-resolved PL spectra of perovskite films deposited onto quartz glass substrates. The solid lines are fitted using the dual exponential fitting method. c, Constructed lattice model of FA0.95Cs0.05PbI3 perovskite. The (100) plane of the lattice was exposed so that it could adsorb a PSP molecule for the density functional theory computation. d, Statistics for the defect formation energy for various types of defect in the reference and PSP systems. e,f, Schematics for the band alignment within the reference perovskite film (e) and the PSP perovskite film (f). The values of the conduction-band minimum, valence-band maximum and Fermi level (EF) were extracted from the depth-profile ultraviolet-photoelectron spectrum. The schematics were finally obtained by combining data from three depth regions with a manually aligned EF. HTL, hole-transport layer; ETL, electron-transport layer.
