Extended Data Fig. 1: One-day 10-min social defeat is sufficient to induce social avoidance of winner-like conspecifics.
From: A dedicated hypothalamic oxytocin circuit controls aversive social learning
a. Experimental timeline. b. Cartoon illustration of the social interaction (SI) test (top) and a video frame overlaid with DLC tracking results (bottom). Red dot: body center; green dot: head center; yellow dot: nose point; blue dot: cup center. c. The resident-intruder (RI) test illustration and procedure. d. The latency to first defeat in male and female mice. e. The total defeat duration during the 10-min RI test in male and female mice. f. Video frames from SI tests overlaid with the movement trajectories of the SW mother aggressor (maroon) and C57 test female (pink) during the 1st (top) and 4th (bottom) minute of the test. g. The percentage of time the male (g1) and female (g2) test mice and the aggressors spent on staying stationary (velocity <1 pixel/frame) over the course of the RI tests. h. Heatmaps showing the body center location of a representative female mouse during pre-defeat and post-defeat SI tests. i-j. Representative traces showing the distance between the test animal body center to the cup center (i) and the movement velocity of the test animal (j) in pre- and post-defeat SI tests. Color shades indicate manually annotated behaviors. k. Distribution of the distance between the test animal’s body center and cup center during the pre-defeat (gray) and post-defeat (color) SI tests for males (k1) and females (k2). Shades shown in gray represent the distance range considered as “around cup”. l. The percentage of total time the male (l1) and female (l2) test mice spent around the aggressor cup (distance <250 pixels) during SI tests. m. The percentage of total time the male (m1) and female (m2) test mice spent investigating the aggressor cup during SI tests. n. The average duration of each investigation episode of the male (n1) and female (n2) test mice during SI tests. o. The cup approach frequency of the male (o1) and female (o2) test mice during SI tests. p. Accumulative plots showing the distribution of movement velocity when the male (p1) and female (p2) test mice are far away (distance > 300 pixels) from the constrained aggressor during the pre-defeat (gray) and post-defeat (color) SI tests. q. The median velocity when the male (q1) and female (q2) test mice are far away (distance > 300 pixels) from the constrained aggressor during SI tests. r. Experimental design to test whether social avoidance after defeat is specific to the same aggressor. The aggressor in the RI and SI tests is the same in the AAA paradigm. Different SW aggressors are used for RI and SI tests in the ABA paradigm. s. Distribution of the distance between the test animal’s body center and constrained aggressor during the pre- and post-defeat SI tests for AAA (s1) and ABA (s2) paradigms. t. Accumulative plots showing the distribution of movement velocity when the test mice are far away (distance > 300 pixels) from the constrained aggressor during the pre-defeat and post-defeat SI tests in AAA (t1) and ABA (t2) paradigms. u. The total defeat time during the RI tests in AAA and ABA paradigms is comparable. v. The change index of time spent around the constrained aggressor during the SI tests in AAA and ABA paradigms. The change index is defined as (Ppost-Ppre)/(Ppost+Ppre). Ppre and Ppost are the behavior parameter values during the pre-defeat and post-defeat SI tests, respectively. w. The change index of investigation time of the constrained aggressor during the SI tests in AAA and ABA paradigms. x. The change index of the median movement velocity when the test animal is far away from the aggressor in the SI tests in AAA and ABA paradigms. Plots with shades and error bars represent mean ± s.e.m. Circles and lines represent individual animals. Numbers on the plots indicate the number of animals. Mann-Whitney test (d, v, w), unpaired t-test (e, u, x), two-way repeated measure ANOVA with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (g), Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test (l1, m1, o1, l2, m2, and n2), and paired t-test (n1, q1, o2, and q2). All statistical tests are two-tailed. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. See Supplementary Table 1 for detailed statistics.
