Extended Data Fig. 1: Behavioral responses of demonstrators and observers following melittin injection.
From: Cortical regulation of helping behaviour towards others in pain
(a) Example images showing saline- or melittin-injected paws. (b) Example raster plots showing self-licking behavior directed towards the melittin-injected paw or other paws in demonstrator animals. Each row indicates an individual demonstrator animal. (c) Time courses of the cumulative duration of self-licking behavior towards the melittin-injected paw and other paws. (d) Duration of self-licking behavior towards the melittin-injected paw and other paws during 5-minute intervals throughout the interaction period. (e) Total duration of self-licking behavior towards the melittin-injected paw and other paws. (f) Duration of allolicking towards the uninjected forepaws of demonstrators that were injected with either melittin or saline in the hind paw during 5-minute sliding windows throughout the interaction period. (g) Time courses of the cumulative duration of allolicking towards the uninjected forepaws. (h, i) Total duration (h) and number of bouts (h) of allolicking towards the uninjected forepaws of melittin- and saline-injected demonstrators. (j-m) Total duration of different behaviors displayed by dominant observers when interacting with subordinate demonstrators in pain and by subordinate observers when interacting with dominant demonstrators in pain, including investigation (j), general allogrooming (k), allolicking towards injured paws and uninjured paws (l), and general allogrooming and targeted allolicking combined (m). In (c, d), data are mean ± s.e.m. In (e, h, i, j-m), the center line in the boxplots indicates the median, the box limits indicate the upper and lower quartiles, and the whiskers indicate the 10th and 90th percentiles. n = 24 mice in (c-e), 12 mice per group in (f-i), and 13 mice per group in (j-m). (e, h, i) Wilcoxon signed-rank test. (j, k, m) Unpaired t-test. (l) Two-way repeated measures ANOVA with post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. All statistical tests are two-sided. ****P < 0.0001, **P < 0.01, *P < 0.05. ns, not significant. Details of statistical analyses are provided in Supplementary Table 1.
