Extended Data Fig. 1: The Kok cycle and schematic of the present study.
From: Oxygen-evolving photosystem II structures during S1–S2–S3 transitions

a, The Kok cycle. A rectangular box circled by red, dotted lines highlights the major objective of this study. b, Electron transfer pathway in PSII. Red arrows indicate the path of the electron. c, Water channels connecting the OEC with the lumenal surface. Blue arrows indicate the exits of water channels. 53′ indicates a water molecule not visible in the current model. d, Schematic of the pump-probe TR-SFX using one (1F) or two flashes (2F) with delay times ranging from 20 ns to 5 ms. In the 2F experiment, the interval between the first and second flash is 5 ms.