Extended Data Fig. 10: ReDeeM phylogenetic analysis for extended young and aged donors.

a, Schematic of the experimental design for the extended donors (cohort-2). Bone marrow samples from 5 additional young and 3 additional aged donors were collected. Isolated bone marrow mononuclear cells and the enriched CD34+ cells were hashed and pooled for ReDeeM profiling and lineage tracing. b, The extended donor information. c, mtDNA mutation burden between extended young and aged donors across different cell types. n = 9,709 cells from extended young donors, n = 3,802 cells from extended aged donors. Boxplot displays data from the 25th to 75th percentile, and whiskers extending to the minimum and maximum within 1.5 IQR. ***indicates p-value < 2.2*10-16, derived from one-sided Wilcoxon rank sum test (d-e) Phylogenetic trees of the extended donors from d, young, and e, aged donors. Clonal groups are indicated by different colors on the outer rings. f, Shannon diversity index of the clonal composition, between extended young and aged donors. n = 5 and 3 donors g, Contribution of each clone to the total population in extended young and aged donors. (h-j) Cell type contributions in each expanded clone, corresponding to the highlighted clones in panel e. The grey area indicates the expected balanced cell type distribution.