Extended Data Fig. 9: Temperature dependence of the \({{\boldsymbol{\Delta }}}_{{\bf{m}}}^{0}\) modes at FQH states with θ = 10°.

a,b and c present temperature dependence of the \({\varDelta }_{{\rm{m}}}^{0}\) modes at v = 2/3 (in the LL geometry), v = 2/5 (in the RR geometry) and v = 3/5 (in the LL geometry), respectively. As the temperature increases, the mode intensities are suppressed in all the three cases and the modes eventually vanish at 800 mK. In the FQH states, the formation of incompressible liquids results from strong electron-electron interactions with the presence of energy gaps. However, as the temperature rises, thermal excitations could disrupt the delicate correlated ground states, leading to the observed reduction in the mode intensity. RILS peaks are marked by vertical black arrows.