Extended Data Fig. 6: Predicted cobamide biosynthesis phenotypes in genomes of marine bacteria and their relative abundance in the Atlantic Ocean.

a, Map showing 22 stations (black dots) from 62°S in the Southern Ocean sector to 47°N in the north Atlantic Ocean sampled at 20 m depth during cruises ANTXXVIII/4 and /5 with RV Polarstern. The percentage given along each pie chart represents the proportion of genome-sequenced prokaryotes of the entire prokaryotic community (identified by 16S rRNA gene). The pie chart of every station sampled presents relative proportions of prokaryotes encoding i) the complete B₁₂ biosynthesis pathway (B₁₂ producers; red), ii) corrin ring biosynthesiser (dark red), iii) cobinamide salvagers (lower ligand producers) (pink) iv) prokaryotes identified as B₁₂ non-producers (grey). Stations are overlayed on a map with annual mean concentrations of chlorophyll a at the surface (https://oceandata.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov). b-e, B₁₂ biosynthesis genes of 1,904 genomes of marine bacteria were analyzed and classified into cobamide biosynthesis phenotypes: as described above for a. Presented are relative abundance of b, all analyzed bacteria, c, phyla and classes, d, orders of Alphaproteobacteria and e, orders of Gammaproteobacteria.