Extended Data Fig. 5: Patterns of spatial heterogeneity of environmental factors in Madagascar.

Eight of 19 bioclimatic variables were filtered using Pearson correlation analysis (Pearson r < 0.8). The differences in climates were visualized in ArcGIS (version 10.2). Bio1 = Annual Mean Temperature (°C), Bio2 = Mean Diurnal Range (mean of monthly temperature ranges (monthly max temp – monthly min temp) (°C), Bio3 = Isothermality (Bio2 / Bio7) (×100), Bio4 = Temperature Seasonality (standard deviation ×100), Bio12 = Annual Precipitation (mm), Bio13 = Precipitation of Wettest Month (mm), Bio19 = Precipitation of Coldest Quarter (mm).