Extended Data Fig. 7: The potential distribution of six Malagasy baobab species in two past epochs modeled using MaxEnt software based on their current occurrence.

Coloured patches reveal predicted current (a-f) and past (g-r) occurrences of suitable habitats for each species. The dashed boxes in g-l show probable range expansions of all species about 22,000 years ago, during the last glacial maximum (LGM). During that period, A. grandidieri, A. madagascariensis and A. rubrostipa probably had more extensive suitable habitat areas on the western coast of Madagascar, a habitat that has now largely disappeared (g, h, j). It is also likely that A. suarezensis, A. perrieri and A. madagascariensis had more suitable habitats in the north of Madagascar during the LGM period (h, j, k). In contrast, A. za is likely to have had more suitable habitats on the south of the island at that time (l).