Extended Data Fig. 2: MSMC2 cross-population analysis.
MSMC2 was used to perform cross-population analysis to determine the approximate divergence time between four putative postglacial Eurasian populations; European aurochsen, North Asian aurochsen, Southwest Asian aurochsen (represented by the Anatolian Neolithic, Sub1), South Asian Bos namadicus (represented by their descendants, South Asian indicine). The relative cross-coalescence rate (CCR) was computed between all population pairings of the four populations of aurochs and the split time between two populations was estimated as the time interval at the relative CCR of 0.5. Three splits were observed; first European aurochs versus Near Eastern aurochs during the LGM, second European and Southwest Asian/Near Eastern aurochs versus north Asian aurochs during MIS 5, third all Bos primigenius populations versus Bos indicus (proxy for Bos namadicus). The timings of these splits reflect the phylogenetic relationship of the populations.
