Extended Data Fig. 8: Kurgans as demographic snapshots and micro-transects through time.
From: The rise and transformation of Bronze Age pastoralists in the Caucasus
a, and b, show the general layout of the Marinskaya 5 and Marfa kurgans (Bronze Age only). Analysed individuals are highlighted in different colours. c, and d, PCA plots highlighting the genetic heterogeneity of individuals buried in these kurgans. e, and f, Estimates of genetic relatedness calculated as mean pairwise mismatch rates (PMR) for individuals from Marinskaya 5 and Marfa, with error bars indicating ± 2 s.e. Dashed lines represent the expected PMR for each relatedness degree.
