Extended Data Fig. 5: 3D DIC evaluation of vibrotactile deformation.
From: Bioelastic state recovery for haptic sensory substitution
a, Photograph of the experimental setup. b, Representative photograph of image sequence showing speckle pattern. c, 3D-reconstructed points versus true points. d, Normal deformation of skin phantoms measured in the relaxed and compressed states with DIC. e–g, Temporal profiles (top) and frequency-domain transformations (bottom) of skin phantom indentation (45:1 PDMS phantom, E = 43 kPa; Icoil-pk = 250 mA) measured at the centre of the contacting rod of the transducer with DIC during square-wave perturbation of the coil. e, Relaxed-state perturbation. f, Compressed-state perturbation. g, Full-transition vibration.
